orangeの博客

nginx暑假实训

发表于 更新于 Valine：
本文字数： 5.6k 阅读时长 ≈ 5 分钟

[toc]

1.Nginx 安装

一、安装编译工具及库文件

1
2
3
4
5
#安装编译环境:gcc gcc-c++
#安装openssl-devel（使nginx支持ssl）
#安装lib
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

二、首先要安装 PCRE

PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能。

1
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel

三、安装 Nginx

1、下载 Nginx，下载地址：https://nginx.org/en/download.html

1
# 找到nginx-1.22.0这个稳定包，下载下来，然后用rz上传到服务器

2、解压安装包

1
tar -xzvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

1
cd nginx-1.22.0

4、编译

1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

5、安装

1
make && make install

6、查看nginx版本

1
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

四、启动Nginx

进入安装好的目录/usr/local/nginx/sbin

1
2
3
4
./nginx           启动
./nginx -s stop   快速关闭
./nginx -s quit   优雅关闭，在退出前完成已经接受的连接请求
./nginx -s reload 重新加载配置

五、关于防火墙和SELINUX

关闭防火墙

1
systemctl stop firewalld.service

禁止防火墙开机自启

1
systemctl stop firewalld.service
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
#关闭SELINUX
sed -ri '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
#修改完成之后重启服务器，然后getenforce看看
#当然如果不想重启服务器也可以先修改好配置，然后用 setenforce 0来临时关闭SELINUX，下次重启自然会识别配置文件了。
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Permissive

六、添加systemctl管理

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
cat << EOF > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir /tmp/nginx
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

七、创建环境变量

1
2
3
4
5
vim /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx
PATH=$NGINX_HOME/sbin:$PATH
export NGINX_HOME PATH

source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

启动nginx

1
2
mkdir -p /tmp/nginx
nginx

八、修改ip为静态地址

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="ff458f3b-f132-400d-ae06-86277ce43612"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.110.131         # 静态ip地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0          # 子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.110.1          # 网关地址
BROADCAST=192.168.110.255      # 广播地址
BOOTPROTO="static"             # 修改静态

2.Nginx的conf学习

nginx.conf的配置如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
more /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    
# 虚拟服务器 这里开始    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
# 虚拟服务器 这里结束

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

虚拟主机

虚拟主机应用场景：一个WEB服务器同时发布多个WEB站点

用ip基于端口访问
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
# 在跟目录下放置www目录，然后内置两个目录，分别是www目录和void目录
# 写入不同的html页面
[root@localhost /]# cd www
[root@localhost www]# ls
void  www
[root@localhost www]# cat void/index.html 
this is void web site...
[root@localhost www]# cat www/index.html 
this is www web site...
[root@localhost www]#

修改nginx.conf配置文件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
[root@localhost www]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    server {
        listen       80;             #网页访问端口80
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   /www/www;         #网址指定目录
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       81;             #网页访问端口81
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   /www/void;         #网址指定目录      
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
用域名基于端口访问
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
[root@localhost www]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    server {
        listen       80;             #网页访问端口80
        server_name  www.julintongxue.top;#域名
        location / {
            root   /www/www;         #网址指定目录
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       81;             #网页访问端口81
        server_name  void.julintongxue.top;#域名
        location / {
            root   /www/void;         #网址指定目录      
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }